Drawing of Guaman Poma, a proto-ethnologue and one of the first chronists in the andean region. From his work 'Primer Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno' (1524 - 1550) which contains a critcal description of the spanish colonial goverment as well as drawings like the one seen here.

Qhapaq Ñan is the road system of the precolonial andean region. It was established under the governance of the Inca. This system of roads and paths span from where Chile and Argentina is today to the south of Colombia. It was created around 500 years ago and spans at least 23 000 km. In the Inca state the roads “were a means to conceive and express cultural geography” (Hyslop 1984, xiii).
Along the road system there existed Tampus which are Inka state lodgings, generally separated a day walk from each other. "Tampu where as much a part of the Inka road system as the road itself" (ibid., 275). These lodgings where not always the same. Regarding the local culture and climatic conditions the architecture and spaces changed. The tampus were managed by the state and sustained in a communal effort. They were placed in remote locations to ensure the walkability of the Qhapaq Ñan.

Further reading:
Hyslop, John. The Inka Road System. Studies in Archaeology. Orlando: Academic Press, 1984.